Biblical Aramaic to Koin Greek. This entry was posted in, culture and tagged, book reviews. 63 After the death of Ptolemy IV (204 Antiochus took advantage of the weakness of Egypt to conquer Coele-Syria in the fifth Syrian war (202195). After the battle of Actium, the entire Hellenic world became subject to Rome. The Cambridge History of Iran. They continued to attack neighboring kingdoms such as Bithynia and Pergamon, plundering and extracting tribute.

Without a chosen successor there were immediate disputes among his generals as to who should be king of Macedon. 102 He thereby completed both the destruction of the Hellenistic kingdoms and the Roman Republic, and ended (in hindsight) the Hellenistic era. Under Ptolemy II, Callimachus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Theocritus and a host of other poets made the city a center of Hellenistic literature. Thus, in less than twenty years, Rome had destroyed the power of one of the successor states, crippled another, and firmly entrenched its influence over Greece. The poet-critic Callimachus, a staunch elitist, wrote hymns equating Ptolemy II to Zeus and Apollo. 105 Athens retained its position as the most prestigious seat of higher education, especially in the domains of philosophy and rhetoric, with considerable libraries and philosophical schools. However, Athens had now lost her political freedom, and Hellenistic philosophy is a reflection of this new difficult period. His descendant, Attalus I, defeated the invading Galatians and proclaimed himself an independent king. 139 People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age.

Diversity Is Our Greatest Strength, Grass menagerie,